Textile Basic Knowledge

1. Cov qauv kev suav feem ntau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: cov qauv ntsuas qhov ntev thiab cov qauv ntsuas qhov hnyav.

1. Kev suav cov qauv ntawm qhov ntev ruaj khov:

(1) Daniel (D): D = g / L * 9000 qhov twg G yog qhov hnyav ntawm cov xov lo lo ntxhuav (g), L yog qhov ntev ntawm cov xov lo lo ntxhuav (m)

(2) Tex (H)]: tex = g / L * 1000 qhov twg G yog qhov hnyav (g) ntawm cov xov paj (lossis silk) thiab L yog qhov ntev (m) ntawm cov xov paj (lossis silk).

(3) dtex: dtex = g / L * 9000 qhov twg G yog qhov hnyav ntawm cov xov xov (g), L yog qhov ntev ntawm cov xov xov (m)

2. Kev suav cov qauv ntawm qhov system ruaj khov:

(1) Metric suav (N): N = L / G qhov twg G yog qhov hnyav (g) ntawm cov xov paj (lossis lo lo ntxhuav) thiab L yog qhov ntev (m) ntawm cov xov paj (lossis silk).

(2) Tus nab npawb ntawm cov ceg ntoo British (S): S = L / (G * 840), qhov twg G yog qhov hnyav ntawm cov xov lo lo ntxhuav (phaus), L yog qhov ntev ntawm cov xov lo lo ntxhuav (code)

2. Conversion formula rau textile unit xaiv:

(1) Conversion formula of metric expenditure (N) and Daniel (D): D = 9000/N

(2) Hloov cov qauv ntawm British ceg ntoo (S) thiab Daniel (D): D = 5315 / S

(3) Conversion formula of dtex and tex: 1tex = 10dtex

(4) Conversion formula of Tex and Daniel (D): Tex=D/9

(5) Conversion formula ntawm Tex thiab British suav (S): tex = K / SK tus nqi: ntshiab paj rwb xov K = 583.1 purified fiber K = 590.5 polyester K = 587.6 paj rwb viscose yarn (75:25) K = 584.8 dimensional paj rwb xov (50:50) K = 587.0

(6), Tex thiab metric naj npawb (N) conversion formula: tex = 1000/N

(7) Conversion formula of dtex and Daniel (D): dtex = 10D/9

(8) Conversion formula ntawm dtex thiab British suav (S): dtex = 10K / SK tus nqi: ntshiab paj rwb xov K = 583.1 purified fiber K = 590.5 polyester paj rwb xov K = 587.6 paj rwb viscose yarn (75:25) K = 584.8 seem paj rwb yarn (50:50) K = 587.0

(9) Hloov pauv cov qauv ntawm dtex thiab metric kev siv nyiaj (N): dtex = 10000 / N

Hloov cov qauv ntawm (10), metric centimeter (cm) thiab nti: 1 nti = 2.54 cm

Hloov pauv cov qauv ntawm metric meter (M) thiab British code (yd): 1 code = 0.9144 meters

(12) Kev hloov pauv mis ntawm g / m2 thiab m / m rau silk thiab satin: 1m / m = 4.3056g / m2

(13) Hloov cov mis ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov hnyav ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab satin: LB = qhov hnyav ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav ib meter (g / m) * 0.9144 (m / yd) * 50 (yd) / 453.6 (g / yd)

3. Cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas:

1. Kev ntsuas qhov pom ntawm tes: Txoj kev no yog tsim rau cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom hauv lub xeev ntau.

(1) Cov paj rwb yog luv thiab zoo dua li ramie fibers thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuab thiab cov ntaub plaub fibers, feem ntau muaj ntau yam impurities thiab tsis xws luag.

(2) Cov hemp fiber zoo li ntxhib thiab tawv.

(3) Wool fibers yog curly thiab elastic.

(4) Silk yog filament, ntev thiab slender, nrog tshwj xeeb luster.

(5) Hauv cov tshuaj fibers, tsuas yog viscose fibers txawv heev nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab ntub lub zog.

(6) Polyurethane filament muaj elasticity zoo, thiab nws qhov ntev yuav ncav cuag ntau tshaj tsib zaug ntawm chav tsev kub.

2. Microscopic soj ntsuam txoj kev: Nws yog raws li longitudinal thiab cross-sectional morphological yam ntxwv ntawm cov fibers los txheeb xyuas cov fibers.

(1) Cov paj rwb fibers: cross-sectional zoo: puag ncig lub duav, nrog lub duav nruab nrab; ntsug duab: tiaj tus ribbon, nrog ntuj dabtsi yog khoov.

(2) Hemp (ramie, flax, jute) fibers: cross-sectional daim ntawv: duav puag ncig los yog polygonal, nrog rau kab noj hniav; longitudinal daim ntawv: nrog cross-section, ntsug kab.

(3) Wool fiber: cross-sectional daim ntawv: puag ncig lossis ze li puag ncig, qee qhov nrog cov ntaub plaub; longitudinal daim ntawv: nto nrog nplai.

(4) Luav plaub hau fibers: cross-sectional morphology: dumbbell hom, nrog cov plaub hau pith; longitudinal morphology: nrog nplai ntawm qhov chaw.

(5) Mulberry txhob lo lo ntxhuav fiber ntau: cross-sectional shape: irregular daim duab peb sab; longitudinal zoo: du thiab ncaj, longitudinal striped.

(6) Ordinary viscose fibers: cross-sectional daim ntawv: serrated, tawv-core qauv; longitudinal daim ntawv: longitudinal zawj.

(7) Lub zog-nplua nuj fibers: cross-sectional daim ntawv: tsawg hniav, los yog ncig, elliptical; longitudinal daim ntawv: du nto.

(8) Acetate fibers: cross-sectional daim ntawv: trilobal los yog serrated irregular; longitudinal daim ntawv: nto nrog longitudinal kab txaij.

(9) Acrylic fiber: cross-sectional duab: puag ncig, dumbbell lossis nplooj; longitudinal zoo: du nto los yog kab txaij.

(10) Polyvinyl chloride fibers: cross-sectional shape: ze rau ncig; longitudinal puab: du nto.

(11) Spandex fiber ntau: cross-sectional shape: irregular shape, round, qos-puab; longitudinal shape: tsaus nti, qhia cov pob txha tsis meej.

(12) Polyester, nylon thiab polypropylene fibers: cross-sectional duab: puag ncig lossis tsis xwm yeem; longitudinal puab: du.

(13) Vinylon fiber ntau: cross-sectional shape: duav ncig, daim tawv nqaij-core qauv; longitudinal puab: 1-2 grooves.

3. Txoj kev ceev gradient: Nws yog raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau cov fibers uas muaj qhov sib txawv los txheeb xyuas cov fibers.

(1) Lub kaw lus ntawm xylene carbon tetrachloride feem ntau raug xaiv rau kev tsim cov kua dej ntom ntom ntom ntom.

(2) Calibration ntawm density gradient raj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem meej.

(3) Kev ntsuas thiab suav, deoiling, ziab thiab defoaming pretreatment ntawm cov fibers yuav tsum tau ntsuas, ua cov pellets rau hauv qhov sib npaug, thiab ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm fibers raws li txoj haujlwm raug ncua ntawm cov fibers.

4. Fluorescence method: Ultraviolet fluorescent teeb yog siv los irradiate cov fibers. Cov fibers raug txheeb xyuas raws li lawv cov khoom sib txawv fluorescent thiab txawv xim fluorescent.

Cov xim fluorescent ntawm ntau cov fibers tau qhia hauv kev nthuav dav:

(1) Paj rwb thiab ntaub plaub fibers: lub teeb daj

(2) Mercerized paj rwb fiber ntau: lub teeb liab

(3) Jute fiber: ntshav-xim av

(4) Jute, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab nylon fibers: lub teeb xiav

(5) Viscose Fiber: Dawb Ntshav Duab Ntxoo

(6) Lub teeb viscose fibers: daj ntseg liab doog ntxoov ntxoo

(7) Polyester fibers: lub teeb dawb, ntuj xiav thiab ci

(8) Vinylon muaj qhov ntev ntawm fiber ntau optical: lub teeb daj daj xim liab.

5. combustion txoj kev: Raws li cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm fibers, cov yam ntxwv combustion kuj sib txawv, yog li roughly cais cov loj ntawm fibers.

Cov yam ntxwv combustion ntawm ntau hom fibers yog txawv thiab muab piv raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Paj rwb, hemp, viscose thiab tooj liab-ammonia fibers: ze rau nplaim taws: tsis shrinking thiab tsis yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim: ceev combustion; tawm nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv combustion; tsw: tsw ntawm hlawv ntawv; residue yam ntxwv: me me ntawm grey-dub los yog grey-dawb tshauv.

(2) Silk thiab wool fibers: ze rau nplaim taws: curl thiab yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim: curl, yaj, hlawv; tawm nplaim taws: qeeb combustion qee zaum nws tus kheej tua; tsw: tsw ntawm cov plaub hau hlawv; residue yam ntxwv: xoob thiab brittle dub hais los yog coke-zoo li.

(3) Polyester fiber ntau: ze rau nplaim taws: yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim hluav taws: yaj, haus luam yeeb, hlawv qeeb; tawm hauv nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv hlawv, qee zaum nws tus kheej tua; tsw: tshwj xeeb tsw thiab qab zib; residue yam ntxwv: tawv dub pob.

(4) nylon fiber ntau: ze nplaim: yaj; tiv taus nplaim taws: yaj, haus luam yeeb; tawm nplaim taws: tus kheej tua; tsw: amino tsw; Cov yam ntxwv residue: tawv daj daj xim pob tshab pob.

(5) Acrylic fiber ntau: ze rau nplaim taws: yaj; tiv taus nplaim taws: yaj, haus luam yeeb; tawm nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv hlawv, haus luam yeeb; tsw: pungent; Cov yam ntxwv ntawm residue: dub hlaws tsis zoo, tsis yooj yim.

(6) Polypropylene fiber ntau: ze nplaim: yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim hluav taws: melting, hlawv; tawm nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv hlawv; tsw: paraffin tsw; residue yam ntxwv: grey-dawb nyuaj pob tshab pob.

(7) Spandex fiber: ze nplaim: yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim hluav taws: melting, hlawv; tawm nplaim taws: tus kheej tua; tsw: peculiar tsw; residue yam ntxwv: dawb gelatinous.

(8) Polyvinyl chloride fibers: ze nplaim: yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim hluav taws: yaj, hlawv, haus luam yeeb; tawm nplaim taws: tus kheej tua; tsw: pungent tsw; residue yam ntxwv: tsaus xim av pob.

(9) Vinylon fiber ntau: ze rau nplaim taws: yaj; Tiv tauj nplaim hluav taws: melting, hlawv; tawm nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv hlawv, haus luam yeeb; tsw: cim tsw; residue yam ntxwv: irregular xim av pob.